German U-boat 576 and freighter Bluefields discovered within 240 yards of each other.
A research team led by NOAA’s Office of National Marine Sanctuaries has discovered two significant vessels from the Second World War’s Battle of the Atlantic. The German U-boat 576 and the freighter Bluefields were discovered about 30 miles off the coast of North Carolina. Lost for over 70 years, the discovery of the two vessels, in an area known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, is a rare view into a historic military battle and the underwater battlefield landscape of WWII.
“This is not just the discovery of a single shipwreck,” said Joe Hoyt, a NOAA sanctuary scientist and chief scientist for the expedition. “We have discovered an important battle site that is part of the Battle of the Atlantic. These two ships rest only a few hundred yards apart and together help us interpret and share their forgotten stories.”
On July 15th, 1942, Convoy KS-520, a group of 19 merchant ships escorted by the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard, was on a voyage to Key West, Florida, from Norfolk, Virginia, with the mission to deliver cargo to aid the war effort when it was attacked off Cape Hatteras. The U-576 sank the Nicaraguan flag freighter Bluefields and severely damaged two other ships. In response, U.S. Navy Kingfisher aircraft, which provided the convoy’s air cover, bombed U-576 while the merchant ship Unicoi attacked it with its deck gun. Bluefields and U-576 were lost within just a matter of minutes and now reside on the seabed less than 240 yards apart.
“Most people associate the Battle of the Atlantic with the cold, icy waters of the North Atlantic,” said David Alberg, superintendent of NOAA’s Monitor National Marine Sanctuary. “But few people realise how close the war actually came to America’s shores. As we learn more about the underwater battlefield, Bluefields and U-576 will provide additional insight into a relatively little-known chapter in American history.
The discovery of U-576 and Bluefields is a result of the 2008 partnership between NOAA and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to survey and document vessels lost during the Second World War off the coast of North Carolina. Earlier this year, in coordination with Monitor National Marine Sancutary, NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer conducted a primary survey based on archival research. In August, archaeologists aboard NOAA research vessel SRVX Sand Tiger detected and confirmed the ships’ identities.
“This discovery highlights the importance of federal agencies working together to identify and protect these unique submerged archaeological resources that are of local and international importance,” said William Hoffman, a BOEM archaeologist.
The recently identified wrecks are protected under international law. Although Bluefields did not suffer any casualties as a result of the sinking, the wreck site is a war grave for the crew of U-576.
“In legal succession to the former German Reich, the Federal Republic of Germany, as a rule, sees itself as the owner of the formally Reich-owned military assets, such as ship or aircraft wreckages,” said the German Foreign Office in a statement. “The Federal Republic of Germany is not interested in a recovery of the remnants of the U-576 and will not participate in any such project. It is international custom to view the wreckage of land, sea and air vehicles assume or presumed to hold the remains of fallen soldiers as war graves. As such, they are under special protection and should, if possible, remain at their site and location to allow the dead to rest in peace.”
United States policy on sunken state vessels, like these, confirms sovereign government ownership of the wrecks, including German ownership of U-576. As stated in the 2001 Presidential Statement on United States Policy for the Protection of Sunken State Craft the wrecks are not considered abandoned nor does the passage of time affect their ownership.
Those who would participate in unauthorised activities directed at Sunken craft are advised that disturbance or recovery of such craft should not occur without the express permission of the sovereign government retaining ownership. The United States will use its authority to protect and preserve sunken State craft of the United States and other nations. For more information about the U.S. Policy on Sunken Warships see Federal Register Volume 69, Number 24 (Thursday, February 5, 2004) [Pages 5647-5646].
Contributing Source: NOAA Headquarters
Header Image Source: NOAA, with permission from Ed Caram
