Geography and ecology are key factors that have influenced the genetic makeup of human groups in southern Africa, according to new research discussed in the journal GENETICS, a publication of the Genetics Society of America.
Through the analysis of DNA extracted from the petrous bones of skulls of ancient Europeans, scientists have identified that these peoples remained intolerant to lactose (natural sugar in the milk of mammals) for 5,000 years after they implemented agricultural practices and 4,000 years after the onset of cheese-making among Central European Neolithic farmers.
Streptococcus mutans, a principle bacterium that causes dental caries, has increased the change in its genetic material over time, possibly coinciding with dietary changes that are linked with the expansion of humanity.