Archaeologists working in north-western Spain are investigating an extraordinary rock engraving described as "unique in Europe", as part of a wider project exploring what researchers believe was a prehistoric sacred landscape.

Archaeologists excavating the historic Mytny Market in Nizhny Novgorod have uncovered medieval property boundaries, building remains, coins, jewellery and hundreds of smoking-pipe fragments, revealing how this part of the Russian city developed over more than 700 years.

Polish-Peruvian archaeologists have discovered more than 2.5 kilometres of previously unknown pre-Columbian roads near Machu Picchu, offering new insights into how the ancient Inca landscape was organised, connected and used.

Human remains, bronze bracelets and other artefacts believed to be associated with an ancient burial have been discovered accidentally during excavation work in Uzbekistan’s Samarkand Region.

Archaeologists have reconstructed the story of an 18-year-old woman who lived in ancient Chersonesos after studying a Roman-era family tomb containing inscriptions, cosmetics, jewellery and ritual objects.

Archaeologists excavating the ancient settlement of Çatalhöyük in central Türkiye have uncovered the remains of eight infants beside a structure known as the “House of the Dead”, offering new clues about the final centuries of one of the world’s earliest large settlements.

Archaeologists working inside the Moscow Kremlin have examined a 14th-century sarcophagus believed to contain the remains of Grand Duke Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, revealing new details about the medieval ruler's physique, health and burial.

Dozens of men discovered shackled in mass graves near ancient Athens were overwhelmingly local to the region rather than foreign invaders, according to new scientific research that sheds fresh light on a violent episode in the political history of Archaic Greece.

Scientists have recovered ancient proteins from the teeth of Homo naledi for the first time, revealing evidence that the fossils discovered deep within South Africa's Rising Star cave system may all belong to females.

A damaged Neanderthal tooth from Siberia may contain the earliest known evidence of dental treatment, according to a study published in *PLOS One*.

Researchers have confirmed that human remains found in Stajnia Cave in Poland belong to Neanderthals, based on new analysis of teeth and ancient DNA.

A preserved Neanderthal fossil is providing new insights into how this ancient human species adapted to the cold climates of Ice Age Europe.

Artificial intelligence is offering historians new ways to examine vast collections of medieval manuscripts and documents, as more than 100 international experts gather in Vienna to explore how machine learning could transform research into the past.

An extraordinary discovery in the German city of Constance has revealed that the ceiling of a medieval cellar was constructed using the remains of an old ship.

Workers renovating the basement of a former brewery in Belgium have stumbled across a remarkable cache of gold bars and coins concealed inside a wall, with the haul reportedly valued at around 39 million.

The remains of a village that disappeared beneath one of England’s largest reservoirs nearly half a century ago have emerged once again, as severe drought sends water levels falling at Rutland Water.

Researchers have identified what is believed to be the oldest known fossilised vomit ever discovered on land, providing an extraordinary glimpse into the diet and behaviour of prehistoric predators that lived nearly 294 million years ago.

A 415-million-year-old fossil long believed to belong to a giant marine crustacean has now been reclassified as one of the largest scorpions ever discovered, according to a new study published in the journal "Palaeontology".

A local fossil hunter exploring Stevns Klint on the Danish island of Zealand has discovered a rare blob of fossilised vomit, also known as regurgitalite.

A fossilised bone discovered in the legacy collections from the archaeological site of Mycenae represents one of the earliest known examples of ancient fossil hunting.

A new study published in the journal PLOS ONE presents new evidence that the volcanic eruption of Minoan Thera (modern-day Santorini) occurred before the reign of Pharaoh Ahmose I, overturning long-held views of Bronze Age chronology.

In 2024, researchers from Australia's University of Queensland discovered a giant 1,200-tonne rock more than 200 metres inland on the island of Tongatapu.

Despite the name, blue lava is not actually molten lava, but rather an extremely rare natural phenomenon caused by the combustion of sulphuric gases emitted from certain volcanoes and fumarole vents.

One of Turkey’s most impressive geological wonders is Pamukkale (meaning "cotton castle"), renowned for its sinter terraced formations created by calcite-rich springs.One of Turkey’s most impressive geological wonders is Pamukkale (meaning "cotton castle"), renowned for its sinter terraced formations created by calcite-rich springs.

Archaeologists investigating the ancient city of Vichama in Peru have uncovered new evidence that could reveal how a society living nearly 3,800 years ago understood and responded to dramatic climatic and environmental change.

Archaeologists studying a centuries-old whaling burial ground in the Arctic have warned that rising temperatures and thawing permafrost are rapidly destroying some of the world’s best-preserved archaeological remains.

According to a new study published in the journal PLOS One, the Gobi Desert, now one of the driest and most forbidding places on Earth, was once a land of lakes and wetlands that sustained human life over 8,000-years-ago.

Archaeologists have found traces of a climate disaster 1500-years-ago that might have inspired the legend of Ragnarök from Norse mythology.

Ancient DNA recovered from archaeological excavations in central Türkiye has revealed some of the earliest genetic evidence of domestic dogs, providing new insights into how dogs developed close relationships with humans and spread rapidly across prehistoric Europe and Anatolia.

A woolly mammoth unearthed in Bavaria bears signs that Ice Age humans butchered its carcass more than 25,000 years ago, offering an insight into life in one of the coldest periods of the last Ice Age.

Researchers, including members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, have extracted and analysed an ice core from the Weißseespitze peak in Tyrol, documenting millennia of climate and environmental history. The findings also highlight the rapid rate of glacier retreat in the Eastern Alps: compared to 2019, only about half of the ice mass remains on the summit today.

A vast prehistoric landscape now hidden beneath the North Sea may have supported forests and wildlife thousands of years earlier than scientists previously believed.